ꯕꯦꯟꯗ ꯂꯣ ꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ꯫

• Body Part: ꯐꯥꯁꯤ
• Equipment: Kaotemsa
• Primary Muscles: Pectoralis Major Clavicular Head, Pectoralis Major Sternal Head
• Secondary Muscles: Deltoid Anterior, Triceps Brachii

Introduction to the ꯕꯦꯟꯗ ꯂꯣ ꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ꯫

ꯕꯦꯟꯗ ꯂꯣ ꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ, ꯈꯨꯎ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯁꯦꯄꯁꯇꯥ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ ꯊꯝꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯅꯈꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯜ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ, ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯨꯔ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯠꯅꯦꯁ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯀꯑꯥꯎꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯔꯨꯇꯤꯅꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯂꯒꯅꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ, ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯠꯅꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯊꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

Performing the: A Step-by-Step Tutorial ꯕꯦꯟꯗ ꯂꯣ ꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ꯫

• ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯨꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ 90ꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯂꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯒꯥ ꯅꯛꯅꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯨ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯨꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯨ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯎ꯫
• ꯕꯦꯟꯗ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯅꯁꯤꯜꯂꯨ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯁꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯠꯅꯥ ꯊꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯨ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯊꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯣꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯦꯖ ꯇꯧ꯫
• ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯀꯦꯟꯗ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯨ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯁꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯅꯍꯜꯂꯨ, ꯕꯦꯟꯗ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯨ꯫
• ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯄꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯄꯤꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯆꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫

Tips for Performing ꯕꯦꯟꯗ ꯂꯣ ꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ꯫

• ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ: ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯂꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯊꯝꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯖ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ, ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯥꯡꯂꯣꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯌꯨ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯂꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯪꯗꯨ ꯂꯩꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯨꯚꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ: ꯃꯨꯚꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯌꯨ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ, ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ, ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯠꯁꯤꯟ, ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟꯗꯥ ꯍꯜꯂꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯊꯝꯃꯨ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯒꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯄꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯨꯔ ꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ: ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯌꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯨ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯣꯆ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯂꯣꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ, ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯔꯥꯏꯠ ꯕꯦꯟꯗ ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯟ: ꯱.

ꯕꯦꯟꯗ ꯂꯣ ꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ꯫ FAQs

Can beginners do the ꯕꯦꯟꯗ ꯂꯣ ꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ꯫?

ꯍꯣꯌ, ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯂꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯟꯗ ꯂꯣ ꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯣꯏꯗꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈꯣꯡ, ꯈꯨꯠꯁꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯨꯠꯁꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯅꯥ, ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯀꯤ ꯊꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯐꯔꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯄꯔꯁꯣꯅꯦꯜ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

What are common variations of the ꯕꯦꯟꯗ ꯂꯣ ꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ꯫?

• ꯕꯦꯟꯗ ꯑꯣꯂꯇꯔꯅꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯂꯣ ꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯆꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯑꯣꯔꯗꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯕꯦꯟꯗ ꯂꯣ ꯏꯅꯛꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯔꯕꯥ ꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯥꯔꯒꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯀꯑꯥꯎꯇꯇꯥ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫
• ꯑꯟꯗꯔꯍꯦꯟꯗ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯞ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯟꯗ ꯂꯣ ꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ ꯊꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯞ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕꯅꯦꯁ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
• ꯕꯦꯟꯗ ꯂꯣ ꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯥꯏ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯄꯨꯅꯁꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯀꯑꯥꯎꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫

What are good complementing exercises for the ꯕꯦꯟꯗ ꯂꯣ ꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ꯫?

• ꯄꯨꯁ-ꯑꯞ (push-ups): ꯄꯨꯁ-ꯑꯞ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯡ, ꯈꯨꯎ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯁꯦꯄꯁꯄꯨꯁꯨ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯂꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯂꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯟꯗꯨꯔꯦꯟꯁ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯟꯗ ꯂꯣ ꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
• ꯀꯦꯕꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯑꯣꯚꯔ: ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯟꯗ ꯂꯣ ꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯇꯥꯔꯒꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯗꯤꯚꯦꯂꯄꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯣꯠ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯂꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯟꯗ ꯂꯣ ꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯀꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯎ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯁꯦꯄꯁꯁꯨ ꯑꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫